Japanese belief systems in the world of the Cthulhu Mythos
Asian religion, mythology, and folklore have fascinated Europeans for centuries. It's not that Westerners can't make Christianity bizarre and complicated, but compared to the elaborate, interlocking, and sometimes awesomely syncrenistic religions in Asia...ah, well. You can understand why people flocked to Theosophy, and seventeen-year-olds the world over look for some alternative to their parents' flavor of Christianity and settle on the one with cool imagery and no tenets more immediately offensive than vegetarianism. The fact that the Ramayana pretty much reads like a comic book and the best parts of Japanese myth involve monstrous raccoon with magical scrotums, you can probably appreciate why on the surface at least, people like the idea of playing with Asian religion and mythology.
Also, Kill Six Billion Demons is an awesome webcomic!
The place of Buddhism in the whole mix is...complicated. Yes, Siddhartha was born in India and spread his religion there, but after that it was largely chased out of India, spreading far and wide in places like Afghanistan, Nepal, Mustang, Tibet, China, Malaysia, Korea, and a backwoods island called Japan. And it rather helps matters along that the Theosophists drew a large chunk of their lore from garbled Hindu and Buddhist scriptures, and even more claimed legitimacy and descent from Secret Chiefs of the Great White Brotherhood in Tibet. Hell, the Nazi's sent an expedition to Tibet. And Lovecraft & co., fishing around for interesting weird tidbits to add to their stories, encountered Theosophy too.
Most of them weren't versed in it. The one or two times Lovecraft mentions Theosophy, as in "The Call of Cthulhu," he notably gets shit wrong. However, this doesn't actually matter because nobody in the history of Chaosium has ever attempted to actually follow what Lovecraft wrote with regards to the Mythos in Asia (beyond vague menacing talk of immortal sorcerers and cults in China and shit), or what the Theosophists wrote. They do a little bit more research on real-world religions in those areas of the world, but usually only to fuck it up.
For most Call of Cthulhu products, then, they tend to focus on the more pulpy and occult side of things - which isn't terribly difficult as a) many pulps fed off the idea that Tibetan Buddhist monks had occult powers (which they would happen to grant to deserving Mighty Whiteys), b) Tibetans themselves were pretty sure they had a long tradition of shamans and sorcerers, and c) the same can be said for much of the rest of Asia. So while it may seem on the surface a little bit like Yellow Peril nonsense...deep down beneath it all it really is Yellow Peril nonsense. Only with a bit more historical research and Cthulhu is behind some of it.
Artistic license is OK, really.
I mention India and Tibet because, of course, Mysteries of the Raj and Secrets of Tibet. The thing you need to understand about those is that they in no way agree with anything written in Secrets of Japan about Buddhism. Or Tibet. But mainly that they share no Mythos tomes in common, their depictions of the various sects of Buddhism don't jive, their views on the influence and nature of the various Mythos entities isn't the same, and it's questionable how much of this shit is actually compatible on any level.
This isn't a terribly unfamiliar situation for CoC - you should see what they've done with Egyptian Mythos - but the problem is exacerbated in this case because the vast majority of Mythos fiction is written by Westerns, and set in the West, so most of the Mythos tomes and spells are written with that inherent bias. You don't see the Necronomicon translated into Chinese or Korean that often (my collection notwithstanding). The major Asian Mythos text is The Seven Cryptical Books of Hsan, and that's kind of cringeworthy just to write. So basically every author of every Asian sourcebook sets out pretty much to rework stuff from the bottom-up. And the result is madness.
Not the Eye of Agamotto!
All that said, this section begins with a quick recap of Buddhism and its spread to China, followed by its major tenets. With a couple of twists.
In Cthulhu Japan, the core of human suffering is denial of cold cosmic truth, the Dharma, that the Great Old Ones and the Outer Gods are uncaring entities to which humanity is less than algae clinging to dead rock. Enlightenment is the realization that human civilization is a great illusion. Sanity is the clinging to that illusion Lord Mara keeps humans trapped.
(Accounts in The Forbidden Sutra relate that Lord Buddha's physical death at eighty can be attributed to a conspiracy. Corrupt agents of Lord Mara infiltrated Buddha's followers. A slow acting poison concocted from black lotus flower was laced into the Awakened One's simple fare of rice.)
It has been the doom of many.
This is...problematic. Most of the other attempts at shoehorning Mythos-stuff into religion either assume outright that human religions are wrong, and thus this is alien lore and mythology that they're incorporating into their framework of belief, or that there is something to the religion after all but its encounters with the Mythos are a secret undercurrent known to a few. Trying to actually subvert the historical underpinnings of the religion is a new one; it's a bit like Jesus Christ turning out to be the Son of Yog-Sothoth. (Okay, so some people have tried that, but not in a gaming context. I think.)
Dz goes on to elaborate on the Japanese twists to Buddhism, and touches on - but does not elaborate - the Mythos angles including the Forbidden Sutra (new Mythos text), and the cults of Buddha's Tears and the Brotherhood of the Black Lotus (which are all given romanji names I'm not going to fucking type). I especially dislike the latter, because Dz decided to call them Dugpas, which is a real-world Tibetan Buddhist lineage, and also "Green Caps" (vs. the typical Buddhist "Red Caps" and "Yellow Caps") because of their dealings with the Emerald Lama.
A lot of this refers to crap that Dz hasn't bothered to tell the readers about yet, and some of it is just fucking annoying in how it tries to undermine and subvert every aspect of Buddhism to some bit of the Mythos. Case in fucking point:
I have no idea what the fuck Dz thinks this means, but aside from insulting pretty much the entirety of a religious tradition that practices zazen...what the hell does he think this does from a game mechanics point of view? I have no idea. Normally, seeing Azathoth is good for losing 1d100 Sanity and rolling a new character.The Zen Mind of Azathoth wrote:Perhaps the biggest question is: what exactly did Eisai and Dogen experience in China that brought "sudden enlightenment," "Zen mind"? Was it a trip to the fabled Tengu Monastery in the Dreamlands via the Plateau of Leng? Or was it a much more sudden revelation sitting in zazen upon a black lotus?
Azathoth's Court, outside of space and time, is one and the same as the place called Nehan/Nirvana by Buddhists. For mortal beings, it is a state of total extinguishing, of becoming one with the cosmic background.
Those who practice Zen meditation find "instant" satori when they achieve a rapport with Azathoth's plane. The indescribable state of enlightenment is that of being mute witness to the horror of Azathoth's existence in the center of our universe. Azathoth, whose nuclear chaos burns away the eternal spirit of Zen seekers of truth.
Azathoth--no mind, Zen mind.
The sad thing is, Dz has obviously put a lot of thought and research into this, and maybe if he was writing a novel it wouldn't be quite as batshit insane. But it's a gamebook, dammit.
Fuck you.Lovecraftian Buddhism is a central background concept to the Cthulhu Japan setting. To strip it away or make it "optional" is to mute the very character of this unique Call of Cthulhu Setting. [...] Cthulhu Japan presents Buddhism as well as other aspects of Asian society in as balanced and well-rounded way as possible, the good as well as the bad.
BTW, this whole "Cthulhu Japan" thing makes me think that this started out as a different work, they changed the title, and then the editors were too fucking lazy to go back and fix it. Arseholes, the lot of them.
There's...that's a lot here. There's a sidebar on Mythos Koans ("What is the sound of a shoggoth screaming?"), and some secret Mythos Japanese Buddhist history (apparently the Americans nuked Hiroshima and Nagasaki to upset the plans of the Emerald Lama).
...an alternative for lazy Keepers...
Sure, and all royals are lizard people.The Lazy and Derivative Approach wrote:Some keepers may optionally decide to make the Cosmic Buddha and the Outer God Azathoth one and the same. Further, all Bodhisattva can simply be masks of Nyarlathotep.
I'm sorry, I temporarily forgot that's actually a plot point later in this book.
<sigh> Okay, I'm getting frustrated with every little bit here...but let me speed things up a bit and talk about the crazy mechanics. There are a couple sections, some of which are labeled "optional," others of which are assumed to not be optional.
There are optional rules for Reincarnation. Basically, if you go this route, the Keeper lets you take up to 1d6 old skills (no more than 20% of their old values) and put them on your new character sheet. In exchange, you give up 1 SAN for every five percentiles. That sounds insane, but actually represents a positive character advance since you can always gain SAN easier than skill percentiles.
There's a list of Buddhist Occupations. This is actually a refresh of the earlier occupations of Buddhist Priest and Yamabushi/Shugensha, except with lists of "related spells," "related Mythos tomes," and a "Reading karma" ability which is apparently a rehash of the same rules in the Meditation sidebar on the very same page. Seriously, the same fucking information is presented - with variations! - at least three times in the goddamned book, and that includes twice on the same fucking page. I don't know what moonshine the editors were drinking, but it must have been the bad shit because they were obviously blind by 100 pages in. I don't even know what the "related spells" section is for, you still can't buy the things at chargen, so it must be intended mainly for NPCs.
Of course, I lose sanity with Dz's rehash of the Sanity mechanics.
The gist is that Dz equates Buddhist enlightenment with the Cthulhu Mythos skill, which he has renamed Bodai. (Bodhisattvas have Cthulhu Mythos 99%, Buddhas have Cthulhu Mythos 100%; anybody with Cthulhu Mythos 35% has achieve satori and is a Zen master.)
Magic Points are renamed Ki, Cthulhu Mythos is renamed Bodai. Meditation--Meiso (the new skill mentioned earlier) can reduce SAN Loss (which is automatic and depending on how many percentiles you have, no need to roll), and Meditation can also be used to help recover from SAN loss quicker (you're still going to be in therapy for a few weeks, but meh). Also, in Dz's setting you add your Ki score to your current SAN score to achieve your "effective" SAN. And you have a bunch of ways to increase your POW, such as reading Mythos tomes that increase Bodai, willfully seeking out The Buddha or a Boddhisattva and surviving, and, once again, by meditating.
The cumulative effect of these changes is somewhere between bullshit and OMG haxxors. You can finally have an effective sorcerer character, but only because the slow descent to insanity has been replaced by a bumper car ride where you can technically have an insanely high Cthulhu Mythos rating but not be in danger of hitting the funny farm anytime soon. Indeed, if you're careful enough to steer clear of learning much about the Mythos at all and focusing on non-Mythos magic, you can actually hack this stupid system to become a frighteningly effective sorcerer.
Oh, meditation also lets you see Astral Serpents. More on that later.
Having ripped Buddhism a new and biologically improbable asshole, Dz then tackles Shinto. As with the previous entry, this begins with a lot of actual research into Shinto, presented more or less realistically, but it's not far before he corrupts the whole thing and goes off the fucking deep end. This is the part that made me mad enough to actually OSSR this book.
To grok this, you first have to understand that as with many cultures, Japanese history goes back to prehistory, and the earliest tales of kings and whatnot have a certain mythic flavor. Gods and goddesses like Amaterasu start to pop up in the ancestry, magic swords make an appearance, divine right to rule starts to get mentioned. But if you ignore the obvious propaganda crap, and look at the archaeology, some points of agreement start to emerge. Mainly, the ancestors of the ethnic Japanese (like the Irish, the Americans...pretty much everybody; humans are not very good at standing still) wandered in from somewhere else, conquered the natives (in this case the Ainu) and set up light housekeeping for the next several thousand years, give or take a couple invasions, infusions of fresh DNA, colonization efforts, etc. Which is fine. Then Dz drops this on us:
...the text cuts off there in an editorial or writer error, but Dz revisits this stupidity in galling detail a couple pages later. As for what this has to do with Shinto? Well Amaterasu and the rest of the high muckety-muck sorcerer-priests of Mu gave up corporeal existence to become the kami that Shinto is concerned with. Also, Japan is criss-crossed with ley dragon lines and the torii are dimensional gateways, if you know how to open them.Princess Amaterasu, Sorcerer Priestess wrote:Few Japanese realize just how far their imperial line can be traced back into time. Amaterasu is indeed the the true progenitor of the current, unbroken line of emperors ruling over modern day Japan. But as with any history, mainstream record books only fill in part of the picture. [...] The ethnic Japanese arrived en masse on the Japanese isles around 25,000 B.C.E. [...] Amaterasu was part of the elite class of sorcerer priests in the Golden Empire of the Sun on the lost continent of Mu. On Mu, the serpent race and humans co-existed for untold millennia until the Great Experiment. The result was catastrophic, dooming Mu to sink and bringing down the wrath of the Great Old One Yig and his mother, the Mappo No Ryujin, to devastate the arrogant populace. Amaterasu, along with two dozen others, performed a dangerous spell to open dimensional Gates large enough to transport
I don't fucking think so.A high number of the more reliable torii Gates open into the Japanese Dreamalnds, which will be detailed in a future book.
tl;dr - Dz is taking the Xothic Cycle, a subset of Cthulhu Mythos stories put out by Lin Carter that center around the downfall of Mu, and marrying it to his own twist on the Japanese national myth (among other things). That probably sounded like a good idea at the time, but there are some snags. For one, Carter's Xothic cycle isn't universally well-loved; it is in fact a not-terribly-clever gloss trying to pin together some of the weirder aspects of H. P. Lovecraft, Clark Ashton Smith, and Robert E. Howard's timelines - the ones that make geologists break out in hives and involve names like Lemuria, Atlantis, and Hyperborea. Straight Mike Mignola territory. On the other hand, Dz is no Lin Carter. His shit is straight insane and insulting and amazingly racist.
Lin Carter has many pens and inkpots on the chains he forged in life.
Case in point:
The Great Experiment wrote:The offspring of these magical matings were serpent-human hybrids. But something had gone horribly wrong; greyish in skin hue, these hybrids were frail in body but possessed highly developed mental capacities. Possessing magical abilities far beyond both progenitor races, they contacted Yig and mocked him. Yig was enraged at the affront and the corruption of his chosen race. He called upon another Great Old One to lay east to Mu, forever ending the dreams of the Muvians. However, the survivors of Mu established the Yayoi culture in Japan. Muvian blood burns in the veins of modern Japanese, blood not fully human, but most definitely unique.
Okay, here's the thing: You can't treat modern nationalities and ethnicities like D&D races. It is, in fact, really fucking creepy to do that with completely fictional human nationalities and ethnicities, like they do in the Conan RPG. Culture is one thing, physical capabilities and non-human DNA are another. That shit was kinda weird when Tolkien did it. When Lovecraft did it, it was with an aspect of undiluted horror...and even he didn't try to tell people that all the Japanese are part lizard-people.
He didn't say that either, but I felt this panel appropriately reflects my level of WTF for this section of this scroll of this book so far. THERE IS NO CONTEXT IN WHICH THIS WOULD BE ACCEPTABLE.
Anyway. Shinto shamans can petition the kami for aid, in the form of ki or POW. Malevolent Kami can also siphon ki and POW, although trained shinto shamans can cause a backlash if they try that shit by spending POW. All the kami NEED PRAYER BADLY, and compared to the Great Old Ones are absolutely fucking worthless. Makes you wonder why they bother.
Yes, Dz doubled down on the stupidity, and despite the lambasting of Western myths, even tries to cram the Nephilim in there. Poor bastards have done nothing to deserve getting mentioned in this book. For the record, Dz is wrong about the emperors of Japan. Not only are they not inbred (at least, not noticeably more so than other royalty), but the Shoguns made a practice of breeding their daughters to the emperors, to gain more control over the imperial line. More fapping on the Imperial Regalia will come later.Imperial Legacy: High Muvian Sorcery wrote:Because of the Great Experiment, all Japanese citizens are intimately, if unknowingly, linked to their distant past as descendants of Muvian survivors. Hundreds of generations have served to dilute the bloodlines of most Japanese, but the imperial bloodline has carefully maintained pure heritage by intermarrying and selectively breeding. The result is that the emperor and his kin remain strong in their bloodlink to the Muvian high wizard priests and sorcerer priestesses who sired them. Some ancient texts worldwide recognize this bloodline, calling them children of the "fallen race," the nephilim. Mythos scholars posit that the Muvian bloodline may be present in every line of royalty in the world.
Having the emperer fill the office as high priest of Shinto is no mistake of history or politics. Rather, it is a purposeful effort to maintain a solid link to the kami and the imperial Muvian blood. But emperors do not need to use guesswork to determine the purity of their bloodline: The Imperial Regalia, sacred Shinto objects and symbols of the state, are themselves Muvian relics. The Mirror of Amterasu shows a reflection for those of Muvian blood. The purer the lineage, the more solid the reflection.
Like the Buddhists, we get a rehash-with-greater-detail of the Shinto occupations, this being the Hereditary Yokai Hunter, Shinto Priest, and Itako. We also get rules for geomancy (i.e. tapping POW and ki from ley dragon lines), although I don't know why. This is at least the second and probably the third or fourth time that CoC has put up rules for ley lines and crap, and they all work slightly differently. It would be so nice if they just got their collective shit together and agreed on a single ruleset, like Shadowrun editions 1-4, when it came to an issue on magic.
We also get the Channel Spirit skill re-presented in full. I seriously think Dz wrote the book first, then went back and wrote the chargen section afterwards and nobody bothered to fucking clean up or care that the exact same fucking rules are on two or three different pages. Channel Spirit, aside from being a terrible idea, also lets you see Astral Serpents. More on that later.
OTHER PERSPECTIVES basically covers...the rest of miscellaneous Japanese occult and religious weirdness that the author cared to address. We get the Kotodama Master, who uses a special calligraphy skill (already covered earlier, natch). This includes a special ritual where you sit in a room drawing kanji over and over until you figure out your True Name. It doesn't tell you what to do with that, or how to discover any other True Names, or what you might do with that, but looking over the list of "Related Spells," I think the implication is that you're supposed to cast spells via calligraphy. There is, in fact, a note at the end of the list that says "Furthermore, with the use of a true name, a Kotodama master can simulate any known Summon or Contact spell." I would have liked a little more elaboration on that.
Maybe even a picture.
Next up is "Dark Taoism." This involves rules for becoming a Taoist immortal, discussion of the Taoist Alchemist occupation, and a re-hash of the Oriental Medicine skill. Becoming a Taoist immortal sounds like a relatively sweet deal, but it's basically the process of becoming a D&D lich (i.e. poison yourself and hope you make the save), with the added bonus that you need to make your way up the Ivory Stair to the feet of the Jade Emperor and give a powerpoint presentation on why you deserve to live forever. Which is basically "all the oral sex the Keeper will ever want" - but, in exchange, you stop aging and if you do die you get reincarnated, but with a much better reincarnation package than those reincarnation rules presented a dozen pages ago.
The Fu Sui Sensei occupation is also presented; these guys don't tap into dragon lines like the Shinto guys, they...use...the Geomancy skill? To...tap the dragon lines...
Okay, if all this seems confusing, it's because Dz is presenting multiple character options to do similar things. He is doing this because Japanese culture is broad and varied, and Japanese occultists have a very large repertoire of traditions to draw from. However. Call of Cthulhu is really very bad at actually doing this in practice. Your occupation gives you limited skills, and as Frank and I said before, your chances of improving them are generally small. So while it is theoretically possible to be a master of the mystic arts in Call of Cthulhu, in practice you're probably never going to get the skill points to do jack shit. Fuck me, the Fu Su Sensei is supposed to be a fucking geomancer and doesn't get the Geomancy skill! The fucking Taoist Alchemist gets the Martial Art (Tai Chi) skill, and that's not one of the martial art skills covered in this book (with good reason, it's Chinese. Still.)
So while you might drool over the options to be a proper occult badass...the chances are you're going to be a specialist. And not even necessarily a good one.
And that, is the end of section three of Scroll One. Believe it or not, the rabbit hole of stupidity goes much, much deeper.
I would have lower blood pressure if I'd reviewed a game based on this instead.